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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Interesting article- I guess we all need to step up!<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;color:black">Ora<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">Gender differences in question-asking at the 2019 American Society of<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:15.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">Hematology Annual Meeting<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Saira Moazzam,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">1
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Lynn Onstad,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">1
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Heather O</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5+20",sans-serif;color:black">’</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Leary,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">2
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Ariela Marshall,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">3,4
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Ifeyinwa Osunkwo,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">5
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Emily Du,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">1
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Tamara Dunn,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">6
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Julianne Dunlap,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">1<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Bill Reed,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">7
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Selina Luger,</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">8
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">and Stephanie J. Lee</span><span style="font-size:6.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">1,9<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">1</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; </span><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">2</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University,
Indianapolis, IN; </span><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">3</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Division of<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, and
</span><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">4</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN;
</span><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">5</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Department of Medicine and Pediatrics,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Levine Cancer Center and Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC;
</span><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">6</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Stanford School of Medicine and Palo Alto VA Health System, Stanford, CA;
</span><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">7</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">American Society of Hematology,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Washington, DC;
</span><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">8</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and
</span><span style="font-size:4.5pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">9</span><span style="font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT5921cb55.B",sans-serif;color:white">Key Points<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5+20",sans-serif;color:black">•
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">Men asked more questions<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">than women at<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">a professional meeting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5+20",sans-serif;color:black">•
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">If a woman asked the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">first question, women<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">in the audience were<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">more likely to ask subsequent<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black">questions.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"AdvOT333dc5e5",sans-serif;color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">Attendance at professional conferences is an important component of career development,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">because conferences are a major forum for presenting new research, interacting with<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">colleagues and networking. An extensive literature documents differences in the professional<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">experiences of women and men, including experiences at professional conferences. We<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">hypothesized that women are less likely than men to ask questions at conferences, thus<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">forgoing opportunities for professional development. To address this issue, we analyzed the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">question-asking behavior of women and men at the 2019 Annual Meeting and Exposition<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">of the American Society of Hematology. In all, 112 sessions (55% of those eligible) were<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">randomly chosen for coding, yielding data on 577 presentations. Although approximately<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">50% of moderators and speakers were women, the proportion of questions asked by women<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">was signi</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:AdvTT51434264+fb;color:black">fi</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">cantly
lower compared with the estimated proportion of women attending the<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">conference (23% vs 39%;
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTTb753ee21.I",sans-serif;color:black">P
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvPS586B",sans-serif;color:black">,
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">.0001). Women were more likely to ask questions if another<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">woman asked the
</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:AdvTT51434264+fb;color:black">fi</span><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">rst question or if the session topic was red cells. These results suggest that<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">although women are represented equally as moderators and speakers, they are less likely to<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">engage in the postpresentation discourse by asking questions. Encouraging women to speak<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">up in professional situations and providing training on question-asking skills can help<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">address this gender gap that potentially contributes to disparities in professional visibility<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"AdvTT51434264",serif;color:black">and career advancement for women in hematology.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;color:black">_____________________________________________________________________</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Ora A. Weisz, PhD | Professor of Medicine, Cell Biology, and Clinical and Translational Science</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Vice Chair of Faculty Development, Department of Medicine</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Associate Dean for Faculty Development, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Assistant Vice Chancellor for Faculty Excellence, University of Pittsburgh Health Sciences</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Renal-Electrolyte Division | 978.1 Scaife Hall | 3550 Terrace St. | Pittsburgh PA 15261</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;color:black">Tel: 412-383-8891 | Email:
<a href="mailto:weisz@pitt.edu"><span style="color:blue">weisz@pitt.edu</span></a></span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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