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<a href="https://na01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lww.com%2Facademicmedicine%2FAbstract%2Fpublishahead%2FGender_Differences_in_Academic_Medicine__.97997.aspx&data=01%7C01%7Cweisz%40pitt.edu%7Ce715d203123549e1768408d5a62b628c%7C9ef9f489e0a04eeb87cc3a526112fd0d%7C1&sdata=PxM7pKagcykA5WUr8s4cBGA%2BBbaYgkB6cehEXo2ej3U%3D&reserved=0">https://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Gender_Differences_in_Academic_Medicine__.97997.aspx</a><o:p></o:p></p>
<h1 style="mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0in;mso-line-height-alt:14.55pt;text-align:start;-webkit-hyphens: manual;max-width: 100%">
<span style="font-size:28.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Gender Differences in Academic Medicine: Retention, Rank, and Leadership Comparisons From the National Faculty Survey<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
<p style="line-height:18.0pt;max-width: 100%"><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Carr, Phyllis, L.; Raj, Anita; Kaplan, Samantha, E.; Terrin, Norma; Breeze, Janis, L.; Freund, Karen, M.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:18.0pt;max-width: 100%"><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000002146<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:18.0pt;max-width: 100%"><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Research Report: PDF Only<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<ul type="disc">
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<span class="converted-anchor"><b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Abstract</span></b></span><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font"><o:p></o:p></span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo3;max-width: 100%;-webkit-padding-start: 0px">
<span class="converted-anchor"><b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Author Information
</span></b></span><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font"><o:p></o:p></span></li></ul>
<p style="line-height:18.0pt;max-width: 100%"><b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Purpose: </span></b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Prior studies have found that women in academic medicine do not
advance or remain in their careers in parity with men. The authors examined a national cohort of faculty from the 1995 National Faculty Survey to identify predictors of advancement, retention, and leadership for women faculty.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:18.0pt;max-width: 100%"><b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Method: </span></b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">The authors followed 1,273 faculty at 24 medical schools in the continental
United States for 17 years to identify predictors of advancement, retention, and leadership for women faculty. Schools were balanced for public or private status and the four Association of American Medical Colleges geographic regions. The authors used regression
models to adjust for covariates: seniority, department, academic setting, and race/ethnicity.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:18.0pt;max-width: 100%"><b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Results: </span></b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">After adjusting for significant covariates women were less likely
than men to achieve the rank of professor (OR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.43–0.78) or to remain in academic careers (OR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49–0.94). When number of refereed publications were added to the model, differences by gender in retention and attainment of senior
rank were no longer significant. Male faculty were more likely to hold senior leadership positions after adjusting for publications (OR = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.35–0.69).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p style="line-height:18.0pt;max-width: 100%"><b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Conclusions: </span></b><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">Gender disparities in rank, retention, and leadership remain
across the career trajectories of the faculty cohort in this study. Women were less likely to attain senior-level positions than men, even after adjusting for publication-related productivity. Institutions must examine the climate for women to ensure their
academic capital is fully utilized and equal opportunity exists for leadership.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:18.0pt"><span style="font-size:14.5pt;font-family:-apple-system-font">© 2018 by the Association of American Medical Colleges<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Dena Hofkosh, MD, MEd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Vice Chair for Faculty Development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Department of Pediatrics<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">AOB 1318<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Associate Dean for Faculty Affairs<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">3550 Terrace St<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Pittsburgh, PA 15261<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">412 648-8932<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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